8/29/2007
Contents of this Homepage
A. Outline of the Workshop
a-1. purpose
a-2. schedule
B. Practices of the Workshop
b-1. Old Market
b-2. Shophouse and City Block
b-3. Inhabitant's assesment of shophouse
b-4. Slum; Borei Keila
C.Appendix
c-1. outline of the previous study
c-2. members
c-3. photograph
a-1. purpose
a-2. schedule
B. Practices of the Workshop
b-1. Old Market
b-2. Shophouse and City Block
b-3. Inhabitant's assesment of shophouse
b-4. Slum; Borei Keila
C.Appendix
c-1. outline of the previous study
c-2. members
c-3. photograph
purpose
The purpose of this workshop is as follows:
--- International exchange between Cambodian students and Japanese students
--- Discussing with each other about urban issue in Phnom Penh
--- Shareing the way to survey built environment
--- Making an opportunity of interexchanges with each other from now on
--- International exchange between Cambodian students and Japanese students
--- Discussing with each other about urban issue in Phnom Penh
--- Shareing the way to survey built environment
--- Making an opportunity of interexchanges with each other from now on
aims of our field work
1st case: old market
The problems of recent development by foreign investigation are as below.
---active energy system give bad influence to the globe
---no connection between exterior and interior space
---scale is so big that the buildings give bad influence to the townscape
By applying the space organization of old market to new development, we hope to develop the Cambodian indigenous modern architectural style in spite of the shopping center such as Soria department store.
2nd case:human activity of alleys in urban blocks
When we develop the multi-family housings in the city center, we think it is important to support the living environment(habitat space) for several generations from children to elders. Alleys in urban block give activity spaces to the inhabitants.
If we have chance to design a multi-family housing in the city center, we think that the building need to contain activity space like the alleys. We have to recognize the importance of the alleys.
The aim of our survey is to clarify the importance of the alley. To achieve this aim we need to draw the plan or section of the alleys to indicate the value to everyone.
3rd case: inhabitant’s evaluation of shophouses
4th case: slums
We think slums are not the bad environment but the good one.
Not relying on the public sector the inhabitants in slums make their built environments by themselves. They build houses, toilets, shops, schools, roads and so on without the public sector.
We have a survey not only to find problems of slums but also to clarify the space organization of the settlements by self-build.
When we focus on the children’s playground, slums provide more spaces for children rather than the urban suburbs designed by the modern urban planning theory. Although most of the parks are separated from habitat space(living environment), children’s playground in slums ,alley and vacant space, are accessible for every inhabitants, so children can play safely and frequently with several generations.
The problems of recent development by foreign investigation are as below.
---active energy system give bad influence to the globe
---no connection between exterior and interior space
---scale is so big that the buildings give bad influence to the townscape
By applying the space organization of old market to new development, we hope to develop the Cambodian indigenous modern architectural style in spite of the shopping center such as Soria department store.
2nd case:human activity of alleys in urban blocks
When we develop the multi-family housings in the city center, we think it is important to support the living environment(habitat space) for several generations from children to elders. Alleys in urban block give activity spaces to the inhabitants.
If we have chance to design a multi-family housing in the city center, we think that the building need to contain activity space like the alleys. We have to recognize the importance of the alleys.
The aim of our survey is to clarify the importance of the alley. To achieve this aim we need to draw the plan or section of the alleys to indicate the value to everyone.
3rd case: inhabitant’s evaluation of shophouses
4th case: slums
We think slums are not the bad environment but the good one.
Not relying on the public sector the inhabitants in slums make their built environments by themselves. They build houses, toilets, shops, schools, roads and so on without the public sector.
We have a survey not only to find problems of slums but also to clarify the space organization of the settlements by self-build.
When we focus on the children’s playground, slums provide more spaces for children rather than the urban suburbs designed by the modern urban planning theory. Although most of the parks are separated from habitat space(living environment), children’s playground in slums ,alley and vacant space, are accessible for every inhabitants, so children can play safely and frequently with several generations.
schedule
8/14/2007
--- opening ceremony at RUFA Campus
8/15/2007 --- 8/17/2007
--- main survey
- Old Market
- alleys and city blocks, Daun Penh
- shophouses, Daun Penh
- slum, Borei Keila (8/16/2007-)
8/19/2007
--- Friendship Party
8/20/2007 --- 8/22/2007
--- supplementary survey
- Old Market
- alleys and city blocks, Daun Penh
- shophouses, Daun Penh
- slum, Borei Keila
8/22/2007
--- Clean up Garbedge Project in Borei Keila
8/23/2007
--- Farewell meeting
***
8/9/2007 --- 8/13/2007
--- preliminary survey
8/10/2007
--- Adviser's first meeting
--- opening ceremony at RUFA Campus
8/15/2007 --- 8/17/2007
--- main survey
- Old Market
- alleys and city blocks, Daun Penh
- shophouses, Daun Penh
- slum, Borei Keila (8/16/2007-)
8/19/2007
--- Friendship Party
8/20/2007 --- 8/22/2007
--- supplementary survey
- Old Market
- alleys and city blocks, Daun Penh
- shophouses, Daun Penh
- slum, Borei Keila
8/22/2007
--- Clean up Garbedge Project in Borei Keila
8/23/2007
--- Farewell meeting
***
8/9/2007 --- 8/13/2007
--- preliminary survey
8/10/2007
--- Adviser's first meeting
first meeting of our Workshop,14 Aug 2007
We had a first meeting at RUFA from 9 a.m.
Prof. Ching Chhom Mony, Dean of Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism had a welcome speech for us, and then assoc. prof. Wakita, representative of the Japanese team, explained the theme of this workshop.
After we introduced ourselves each other, we made three groupes. One is on the old market, the other is on activity of alleys in urban blocks, and the last groupe is on the shophouses in the city center.
Each groupe is generally consist of four Japanese students and four Cambodian students. Research was conducted by a Japanese groupe leader and a Cambodian groupe leader. After the first meeting, campus tour was held. Cambodian students introduced their education environment to the Japanese students. Japanese students could know how the Cambodian students learn architecture in the campus. They were surprised at their ability of making architectural models.
Prof. Ching Chhom Mony, Dean of Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism had a welcome speech for us, and then assoc. prof. Wakita, representative of the Japanese team, explained the theme of this workshop.
After we introduced ourselves each other, we made three groupes. One is on the old market, the other is on activity of alleys in urban blocks, and the last groupe is on the shophouses in the city center.
Each groupe is generally consist of four Japanese students and four Cambodian students. Research was conducted by a Japanese groupe leader and a Cambodian groupe leader. After the first meeting, campus tour was held. Cambodian students introduced their education environment to the Japanese students. Japanese students could know how the Cambodian students learn architecture in the campus. They were surprised at their ability of making architectural models.
.JPG)
Old Market; space organization of indigenous institution
Outline of the results ; space organization of the Old Market(1)Open air spaces without active air conditioning system
It is hot and humid in the old market, but open air system doesn’t give damage to the globe.
(2)Assembles of small scale buildings
Most of the shop buildings are consisted of 3m X 3m square. The square space is divided into four. 1.5m X 1.5m square space is for one shop. Around 650 shops exist in the old market. Assembles of small shops provide vitality.
(3)Shop building variations by reforming basic structure by themselves
Shop building structure has basic form. But the shop owner reforms the basic form by themselves. It is better to reform by themselves than to build several kinds of buildings because of the initial cost and space flexibility.
(4)Forming shop space by furniture layout
The shop owner set furniture and merchandises on the 1.5m square space. On the same unit each owner makes various kinds of selling space by setting furniture.
(5)Many temporary shops emerge around the old market
The public road to the west of the old market is occupied by many temporary shops. On the northern park and walk way to the south we can also find many temporary shops. It is interesting that the old market is not limited in the institution but is open to the spaces around.
(6)From morning until night each space utilization is changing
When they close the shop, they put all merchandises in the unit. So it looks like a box. Fish, meat, vegetables are bought from early morning, so these kinds of shops are open very early and often close in the afternoon. When it rains heavily, shops are closed because customers don’t come. These aspects indicate the variety, flexibility and redundancy of the shops.
Shophouses and townscape
About shophouses and townscape, we already have brief conclusions written below.
(1) townscape elevation by some 4 meter grid
(2) verandas on the street side
(3) living space with working space; mixture of shop and house
(4) alleys with human scale
(5) frequent self building the interior space
Through the workshop 2007, we have come to attach the explanations written below.
To preserve the harmony of the townscape, big scale development should be stopped.
Concerning on (1)
When a building is designed, the elevation should be divided in small scale such as 4m grid. If the elevation is designed in plain surface, the harmony of the townscape will be destroyed by the elevation.
Concerning on (2) and (3)
To maintain the vitality of the streets, the activity in the shophouses need to be open to the public space. Verandas on the street side and shops on the ground floor provide vitality to the streets. So when a building is designed, these two points need to be observed to maintain the vitality.
Concerning on (4)
Alleys in the city blocks provide living space outside. Many people use outside space in the daytime to communicate with each other, have lunch, sleep and so on. These alleys are in human scale not in big scale. So the alleys with human scale in the city blocks should be sustained if the blocks would be reconstructed.
Concerning on (5)
Shophouses are often reconstructed by inhabitants themselves. The inhabitants have variations on background such as household income, number of the family members, jobs, ages and so on. By allowing the inhabitants to self- build the interior spaces, the various inhabitants can live their lives sutainably there. So in the city center it is good that the buildings are designed to accept self-building.
(1) townscape elevation by some 4 meter grid
(2) verandas on the street side
(3) living space with working space; mixture of shop and house
(4) alleys with human scale
(5) frequent self building the interior space
Through the workshop 2007, we have come to attach the explanations written below.
To preserve the harmony of the townscape, big scale development should be stopped.
Concerning on (1)
When a building is designed, the elevation should be divided in small scale such as 4m grid. If the elevation is designed in plain surface, the harmony of the townscape will be destroyed by the elevation.
Concerning on (2) and (3)
To maintain the vitality of the streets, the activity in the shophouses need to be open to the public space. Verandas on the street side and shops on the ground floor provide vitality to the streets. So when a building is designed, these two points need to be observed to maintain the vitality.
Concerning on (4)
Alleys in the city blocks provide living space outside. Many people use outside space in the daytime to communicate with each other, have lunch, sleep and so on. These alleys are in human scale not in big scale. So the alleys with human scale in the city blocks should be sustained if the blocks would be reconstructed.
Concerning on (5)
Shophouses are often reconstructed by inhabitants themselves. The inhabitants have variations on background such as household income, number of the family members, jobs, ages and so on. By allowing the inhabitants to self- build the interior spaces, the various inhabitants can live their lives sutainably there. So in the city center it is good that the buildings are designed to accept self-building.
questionnaire ; inhabitant assesment of shophouses
QUESTIONNAIRES
DATE: NAME:
District Number: House Number: Floor: /
1. Family Structure (check age, occupation and answerer)
2. The State of extension or rebuild (When, Where and Why?)
*Draw in the other paper (Please check inhabitant’s demand for their house)
3. Correspondence of the use and place
*Draw in the other paper (Below is legend of the activity)
A: Cooking and preparations B: Have a meal C: Bathing D: Washing face
E: Drying clothes F: Storage G: Resting place H: Sleeping I: Study of children
J: Relations with neighbors K: Family talking L: Parking M: Business N: Other housework
*Please check who where sleeps
4. Basic Information of the Building
Buy or Rent : $
Building period: Occupying period:
5. Ownership (Who own the room, floor, land and whole of the building?)
6. Assesment of the house
7. Relations with your neighborhood
a. Could you tell me the scope of the relations?
none frequently Why so? (Free description)
Same floor ・ ・ ・ ・ ・
Different floor ・ ・ ・ ・ ・
Different building ・ ・ ・ ・ ・
Different district ・ ・ ・ ・ ・
b. Do you know each other very well?
What do you do with your neighbors? (Free description)
□ Friendly association
□ Stand talking
□ No association
c. Do you want to have relations with your neighbors?
Why so? (Free description)
□ Positive want
□ No preference
□ Tend to avoid
DATE: NAME:
District Number: House Number: Floor: /
1. Family Structure (check age, occupation and answerer)
2. The State of extension or rebuild (When, Where and Why?)
*Draw in the other paper (Please check inhabitant’s demand for their house)
3. Correspondence of the use and place
*Draw in the other paper (Below is legend of the activity)
A: Cooking and preparations B: Have a meal C: Bathing D: Washing face
E: Drying clothes F: Storage G: Resting place H: Sleeping I: Study of children
J: Relations with neighbors K: Family talking L: Parking M: Business N: Other housework
*Please check who where sleeps
4. Basic Information of the Building
Buy or Rent : $
Building period: Occupying period:
5. Ownership (Who own the room, floor, land and whole of the building?)
6. Assesment of the house
7. Relations with your neighborhood
a. Could you tell me the scope of the relations?
none frequently Why so? (Free description)
Same floor ・ ・ ・ ・ ・
Different floor ・ ・ ・ ・ ・
Different building ・ ・ ・ ・ ・
Different district ・ ・ ・ ・ ・
b. Do you know each other very well?
What do you do with your neighbors? (Free description)
□ Friendly association
□ Stand talking
□ No association
c. Do you want to have relations with your neighbors?
Why so? (Free description)
□ Positive want
□ No preference
□ Tend to avoid
Survey on Borei Keila: slum project
Our aim of survey on slums is to clarify the space organization of the slum on which the private sectors such as inhabitants and NGOs themselves made built environment.
Focusing on the Borei Keila we might be able to clarify these aspects like below.
---market being organized by themselves it the slum area, the inhabitants can get everyday surroundings and meals.
---hierarchy of the roads and alleys are consisted of three grades; main road, sub-main road and alley. Around the main road market are emerged.
---on the alleys in city center many human activities and everyday life belongings can be seen, but on the alleys in slum area few can be. We think the reason is by the bad condition of the alleys. Despite the few activities and everyday life belongings on the alleys, we can see many aspects of everyday lives from the activities in the house interior space.
---size of the houses is small, but the interior space is always connected to open public space. The inhabitants can always use interior spaces and exterior spaces.
---the space between alley and the house interior space is frequently used as a shopping, communication, sleeping space.
---although the houses are small they make several floor levels for their life activities. Most of the houses are built on the ground, but sleeping space and working space are on the raised floor.
---sub-main streets made around the housing area provide some kinds of activity spaces such as children’s playground.
Focusing on the Borei Keila we might be able to clarify these aspects like below.
---market being organized by themselves it the slum area, the inhabitants can get everyday surroundings and meals.
---hierarchy of the roads and alleys are consisted of three grades; main road, sub-main road and alley. Around the main road market are emerged.
---on the alleys in city center many human activities and everyday life belongings can be seen, but on the alleys in slum area few can be. We think the reason is by the bad condition of the alleys. Despite the few activities and everyday life belongings on the alleys, we can see many aspects of everyday lives from the activities in the house interior space.
---size of the houses is small, but the interior space is always connected to open public space. The inhabitants can always use interior spaces and exterior spaces.
---the space between alley and the house interior space is frequently used as a shopping, communication, sleeping space.
---although the houses are small they make several floor levels for their life activities. Most of the houses are built on the ground, but sleeping space and working space are on the raised floor.
---sub-main streets made around the housing area provide some kinds of activity spaces such as children’s playground.
Clean up garbage Project in Borei Keila
One of our motto is ‘practice now’. It is important to pursue the theory, but practice is also important. On Borei Keila we have surveyed built environment. From now on we will discuss about the space organization by our field survey data. It will take some months to draw the results.
We also discussed about what we can do now.
Fourteen Japanese students and eight Cambodian students participated in this project. Community leaders also participated in. We made five groups. Sum of the bag in which we gathered the garbage is around forty. We found much garbage on the road.
While we gathered the garbage, many children also began to gather them. Under the community leader’s indication, inhabitants began to clean the water path which had become dirty because the garbage in the water stopped the flow.
The theme of our survey is same as the theme of this project. But the garbage project is easier for the inhabitants to understand. So many inhabitants accepted our behavior. We think this project became the chance to communicate with the inhabitants, and we hope that they understand the meaning of our survey.
We want to have an intimate relationship with the inhabitants, NGOs, and RUFA, and want to inform our results to them someday.
Fourteen Japanese students and eight Cambodian students participated in this project. Community leaders also participated in. We made five groups. Sum of the bag in which we gathered the garbage is around forty. We found much garbage on the road.
While we gathered the garbage, many children also began to gather them. Under the community leader’s indication, inhabitants began to clean the water path which had become dirty because the garbage in the water stopped the flow.
The theme of our survey is same as the theme of this project. But the garbage project is easier for the inhabitants to understand. So many inhabitants accepted our behavior. We think this project became the chance to communicate with the inhabitants, and we hope that they understand the meaning of our survey.
We want to have an intimate relationship with the inhabitants, NGOs, and RUFA, and want to inform our results to them someday.
Study on Cambodia from 2005 to 2007 by Wakita lab.
1. Our attitude to Urban development
(1) consideration on the site context
(2) small scale project
(3) step by step development
(4) harmony with the townscape
(5) citizen participation
2. Phnom Penh as a Colonial city
2-1 aim
Space organization of the colonial city, case study on Phnom Penh
Relation between European Modern urban planning and indigenous Khmer human settlement pattern
2-2 outline of the result
(1) Vista
(2) Grid pattern and diagonal pattern
(3) Segregation
(4) Arrangement of Public institution
(5) Park system
3. Shophouses and the Townscape
3-1 aim
Townscape composed by the rows of shophouses is being destroyed by recent development.
It is necessary to clarify the feature of the shophouse townscape.
The problems of recent development by foreign investigation are as below.
---owe to the active energy system
---no connection between exterior and interior space
---scale is so big that the buildings give bad influence to the townscape
3-2 outline of the result
(1) townscape elevation by some 4 meter grid
(2) verandas on the street side
(3) living space with working space; mixture of shop and house
(4) alleys with human scale
(5) frequent self building the interior space
4. value of the indigenous institution; old market
4-1 aim
Our aim is to clarify the original (indigenous) development system in Cambodia
4-2 outline of the result
(1)open system v.s. closed system; indigenous institution are consisted of open system
(2)small scale project v.s. big scale project: assembles of small spaces which are constructed by themselves
(3)small space blocks with various arrangement
(1) consideration on the site context
(2) small scale project
(3) step by step development
(4) harmony with the townscape
(5) citizen participation
2. Phnom Penh as a Colonial city
2-1 aim
Space organization of the colonial city, case study on Phnom Penh
Relation between European Modern urban planning and indigenous Khmer human settlement pattern
2-2 outline of the result
(1) Vista
(2) Grid pattern and diagonal pattern
(3) Segregation
(4) Arrangement of Public institution
(5) Park system
3. Shophouses and the Townscape
3-1 aim
Townscape composed by the rows of shophouses is being destroyed by recent development.
It is necessary to clarify the feature of the shophouse townscape.
The problems of recent development by foreign investigation are as below.
---owe to the active energy system
---no connection between exterior and interior space
---scale is so big that the buildings give bad influence to the townscape
3-2 outline of the result
(1) townscape elevation by some 4 meter grid
(2) verandas on the street side
(3) living space with working space; mixture of shop and house
(4) alleys with human scale
(5) frequent self building the interior space
4. value of the indigenous institution; old market
4-1 aim
Our aim is to clarify the original (indigenous) development system in Cambodia
4-2 outline of the result
(1)open system v.s. closed system; indigenous institution are consisted of open system
(2)small scale project v.s. big scale project: assembles of small spaces which are constructed by themselves
(3)small space blocks with various arrangement
participants of the workshop
Cambodian Students
- Seng Solika
- Chheng Yarath
- Chan Lalin
- Cheng Sam Art
- Keng Sorita
- Lin Eng
- Men Vada
- Phlong Ratha
- Sok ly
- So Vicheth
- Yung Sineth
- Ngor Sokpong
- Srun Davuth
- Lot Chantha
- So Ponnavuta
- Tuch Chey Samrech
- Soy Vicheth
- Phon Phana Rith
- Bou Setha
- So Bunavuth
Japanese Students
- Hideo Shiraishi
- Takahiro Uenda
- Toshio Kawata
- Aya Masumura
- Hisato Nagae
- Kazuki Sato
- Kenichi Yao
- Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Kazuki Hazama
- Chiyo Daimon
- Takashi Ueda
- Shinsuke Kitai
- Yukihiro Maeda
- Junji Kihara
Adviser
- Ching Chhom Mony ; Dean, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, RUFA
- Nhean Tharath ; Lecturer, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, RUFA
- Ung Simaro ; Lecturer, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, RUFA
- Yoshihisa Wakita ; Assoc. Prof, Department of Architecture, Kinki Univ.
- Seng Solika
- Chheng Yarath
- Chan Lalin
- Cheng Sam Art
- Keng Sorita
- Lin Eng
- Men Vada
- Phlong Ratha
- Sok ly
- So Vicheth
- Yung Sineth
- Ngor Sokpong
- Srun Davuth
- Lot Chantha
- So Ponnavuta
- Tuch Chey Samrech
- Soy Vicheth
- Phon Phana Rith
- Bou Setha
- So Bunavuth
Japanese Students
- Hideo Shiraishi
- Takahiro Uenda
- Toshio Kawata
- Aya Masumura
- Hisato Nagae
- Kazuki Sato
- Kenichi Yao
- Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Kazuki Hazama
- Chiyo Daimon
- Takashi Ueda
- Shinsuke Kitai
- Yukihiro Maeda
- Junji Kihara
Adviser
- Ching Chhom Mony ; Dean, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, RUFA
- Nhean Tharath ; Lecturer, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, RUFA
- Ung Simaro ; Lecturer, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, RUFA
- Yoshihisa Wakita ; Assoc. Prof, Department of Architecture, Kinki Univ.
photoes of workshop part 3
RUFA students and Kindai students are discussing about how to draw a sketch of the alley.
On the alleys we can find washed clothes, cooking tools, bikes, bycycles, low tables, plant pots and so on.
By drawing these sketches we can clarify the feature of the space utilization on alleys.
By showing our sketches to the inhabitants, we want them to understand what we do in detail.
photoes of workshop part4
Scene of the survey in Borei Keila
Cambodian students and Japanese students make some teams.
Cambodian students talk with the inhabitants and ask them to allow us to draw a house plan.
If getting no suppots from the Cambodian students, Japanese students cannot fullfil this survey like this.
Cambodian students and Japanese students make some teams.
Cambodian students talk with the inhabitants and ask them to allow us to draw a house plan.
If getting no suppots from the Cambodian students, Japanese students cannot fullfil this survey like this.
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